android – 如何让应用程序在后台运行？继续收集数据？

我编写了一个记录用户位置,当前速度,平均速度和最高速度的应用程序.我想知道如何使应用程序执行以下操作：

>防止屏幕在屏幕上打开时关闭
>如果用户打开另一个应用程序或返回主屏幕,接到电话等,应用程序应继续收集数据
(或者每次更新位置时将所有数据写入数据库会更好吗？并且可能有一个按钮来表示何时开始和停止收集数据？)

这是我写的代码. (如果你愿意,可以随意使用它,如果你对我如何改进它有任何建议,我会对建设性的批评持开放态度：D)

package Hartford.gps;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.location.Criteria;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class GPSMain extends Activity implements LocationListener {

LocationManager locationManager;
LocationListener locationListener;

//text views to display latitude and longitude
TextView latituteField;
TextView longitudeField;
TextView currentSpeedField;
TextView kmphSpeedField;
TextView avgSpeedField;
TextView avgKmphField;

//objects to store positional information
protected double lat;
protected double lon;

//objects to store values for current and average speed
protected double currentSpeed;
protected double kmphSpeed;
protected double avgSpeed;
protected double avgKmph;
protected double totalSpeed;
protected double totalKmph;

//counter that is incremented every time a new position is received,used to calculate average speed
int counter = 0;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);

    run();
}

@Override
public void onResume() {
    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,1,this);
    super.onResume();
}

@Override
public void onPause() {
    locationManager.removeUpdates(this);
    super.onPause();
}

private void run(){

    final Criteria criteria = new Criteria();

    criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);
    criteria.setSpeedrequired(true);
    criteria.setAltituderequired(false);
    criteria.setbearingrequired(false);
    criteria.setCostAllowed(true);
    criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);
    //Acquire a reference to the system Location Manager

    locationManager = (LocationManager) this.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

    // Define a listener that responds to location updates
    locationListener = new LocationListener() {

        public void onLocationChanged(Location newLocation) {

            counter++;

            //current speed fo the gps device
            currentSpeed = round(newLocation.getSpeed(),3,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
            kmphSpeed = round((currentSpeed*3.6),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);

            //all speeds added together
            totalSpeed = totalSpeed + currentSpeed;
            totalKmph = totalKmph + kmphSpeed;

            //calculates average speed
            avgSpeed = round(totalSpeed/counter,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
            avgKmph = round(totalKmph/counter,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);

            //gets position
            lat = round(((double) (newLocation.getLatitude())),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
            lon = round(((double) (newLocation.getLongitude())),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);

            latituteField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.lat);
            longitudeField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.lon);             
            currentSpeedField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.speed);
            kmphSpeedField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.kmph);
            avgSpeedField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.avgspeed);
            avgKmphField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.avgkmph);

            latituteField.setText("Current Latitude:        "+String.valueOf(lat));
            longitudeField.setText("Current Longitude:      "+String.valueOf(lon));
            currentSpeedField.setText("Current Speed (m/s):     "+String.valueOf(currentSpeed));
            kmphSpeedField.setText("Cuttent Speed (kmph):       "+String.valueOf(kmphSpeed));
            avgSpeedField.setText("Average Speed (m/s):     "+String.valueOf(avgSpeed));
            avgKmphField.setText("Average Speed (kmph):     "+String.valueOf(avgKmph));

        }

        //not entirely sure what these do yet
        public void onStatusChanged(String provider,int status,Bundle extras) {}
        public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {}
        public void onProviderdisabled(String provider) {}

    };

    // Register the listener with the Location Manager to receive location updates
    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,locationListener);
}

//Method to round the doubles to a max of 3 decimal places
public static double round(double unrounded,int precision,int roundingMode)
{
    BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(unrounded);
    BigDecimal rounded = bd.setScale(precision,roundingMode);
    return rounded.doubleValue();
}


@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
    // Todo Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public void onProviderdisabled(String provider) {
    // Todo Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
    // Todo Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider,Bundle extras) {
    // Todo Auto-generated method stub

}

}

从Marco Grassi和Marcovena解决了两个问题.

新代码：

package Hartford.gps;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.PowerManager;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class GPSMain extends Activity   {

//text views to display latitude and longitude
static TextView latituteField;
static TextView longitudeField;
static TextView currentSpeedField;
static TextView kmphSpeedField;
static TextView avgSpeedField;
static TextView avgKmphField;
static TextView topSpeedField;
static TextView topKmphField;

//objects to store positional information
protected static double lat;
protected static double lon;

//objects to store values for current and average speed
protected static double currentSpeed;
protected static double kmphSpeed;
protected static double avgSpeed;
protected static double avgKmph;
protected static double totalSpeed;
protected static double totalKmph;
protected static double topSpeed=0;
protected static double topKmph=0;

//counter that is incremented every time a new position is received,used to calculate average speed
static int counter = 0;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);

    PowerManager powerManager = (PowerManager)getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
    PowerManager.WakeLock wL = powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.SCREEN_BRIGHT_WAKE_LOCK,"My Tag");

    wL.acquire();

    startService(new Intent(this,Calculations.class));

    latituteField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.lat);
    longitudeField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.lon);             
    currentSpeedField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.speed);
    kmphSpeedField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.kmph);
    avgSpeedField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.avgspeed);
    avgKmphField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.avgkmph);
    topSpeedField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.topspeed);
    topKmphField = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.topkmph);

}

static void run(){

    latituteField.setText("Current Latitude:        "+String.valueOf(lat));
    longitudeField.setText("Current Longitude:      "+String.valueOf(lon));
    currentSpeedField.setText("Current Speed (m/s):     "+String.valueOf(currentSpeed));
    kmphSpeedField.setText("Cuttent Speed (kmph):       "+String.valueOf(kmphSpeed));
    avgSpeedField.setText("Average Speed (m/s):     "+String.valueOf(avgSpeed));
    avgKmphField.setText("Average Speed (kmph):     "+String.valueOf(avgKmph));
    topSpeedField.setText("Top Speed (m/s):     "+String.valueOf(topSpeed));
    topKmphField.setText("Top Speed (kmph):     "+String.valueOf(topKmph));

}

}

和

package Hartford.gps;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.location.Criteria;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class Calculations extends Service implements LocationListener  {

static LocationManager locationManager;
LocationListener locationListener;

private static final String TAG = "Calculations";

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
    // Todo Auto-generated method stub
    return null;
}

@Override
public void onCreate() {
    Toast.makeText(this,"My Service Created",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    Log.d(TAG,"onCreate");

    run();

}

private void run(){

    final Criteria criteria = new Criteria();

    criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);
    criteria.setSpeedrequired(true);
    criteria.setAltituderequired(false);
    criteria.setbearingrequired(false);
    criteria.setCostAllowed(true);
    criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);
    //Acquire a reference to the system Location Manager

    locationManager = (LocationManager) this.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

    // Define a listener that responds to location updates
    locationListener = new LocationListener() {

        public void onLocationChanged(Location newLocation) {

            GPSMain.counter++;

            //current speed for the GPS device
            GPSMain.currentSpeed = round(newLocation.getSpeed(),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
            GPSMain.kmphSpeed = round((GPSMain.currentSpeed*3.6),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);

            if (GPSMain.currentSpeed>GPSMain.topSpeed) {
                GPSMain.topSpeed=GPSMain.currentSpeed;
            }
            if (GPSMain.kmphSpeed>GPSMain.topKmph) {
                GPSMain.topKmph=GPSMain.kmphSpeed;
            }

            //all speeds added together
            GPSMain.totalSpeed = GPSMain.totalSpeed + GPSMain.currentSpeed;
            GPSMain.totalKmph = GPSMain.totalKmph + GPSMain.kmphSpeed;

            //calculates average speed
            GPSMain.avgSpeed = round(GPSMain.totalSpeed/GPSMain.counter,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
            GPSMain.avgKmph = round(GPSMain.totalKmph/GPSMain.counter,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);

            //gets position
            GPSMain.lat = round(((double) (newLocation.getLatitude())),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
            GPSMain.lon = round(((double) (newLocation.getLongitude())),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);

            GPSMain.run();
        }

        //not entirely sure what these do yet
        public void onStatusChanged(String provider,locationListener);

}



//Method to round the doubles to a max of 3 decimal places
public static double round(double unrounded,roundingMode);
    return rounded.doubleValue();
}


public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
    // Todo Auto-generated method stub

}

public void onProviderdisabled(String provider) {
    // Todo Auto-generated method stub

}

public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
    // Todo Auto-generated method stub

}

public void onStatusChanged(String provider,Bundle extras) {
    // Todo Auto-generated method stub

}

}

更新shababhsiddique

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.text.NumberFormat;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.location.Criteria;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class Calculations extends Service{
static LocationManager locationManager;
static LocationListener locationListener;
private static long timerTime = 1;
private static float timerFloatValue = 1.0f;
private Context context;
private int counter = 0;

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {return null;}

@Override
public void onCreate() {
    context = this;
    update();
}

protected void update(){        
    final Criteria criteria = new Criteria();
    criteria.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE);
    criteria.setSpeedrequired(true);
    criteria.setAltituderequired(false);
    criteria.setbearingrequired(false);
    criteria.setCostAllowed(true);
    criteria.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);

    //Acquire a reference to the system Location Manager
    locationManager = (LocationManager) this.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

    // Define a listener that responds to location updates
    locationListener = new LocationListener() {
        public void onLocationChanged(Location newLocation) {
            counter++;
            if(GPSMain.GPSHasstarted==0){
                GPSMain.prevIoUsLocation = newLocation;
                //gets position
                GPSMain.lat = round(((double) (GPSMain.prevIoUsLocation.getLatitude())),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
                GPSMain.lon = round(((double) (GPSMain.prevIoUsLocation.getLongitude())),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
                GPSMain.startingLocation = GPSMain.prevIoUsLocation;
                GPSMain.routeLat.add(Double.toString(GPSMain.startingLocation.getLatitude()));
                GPSMain.routeLon.add(Double.toString(GPSMain.startingLocation.getLongitude()));
                GPSMain.startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                GPSMain.GPSHasstarted++;
                Toast.makeText(context,"GPS Connection Established",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                startService(new Intent(context,AccelerometerReader.class));
                Toast.makeText(context,"Accelerometer Calculating",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                Toast.makeText(context,"Have A Safe Trip!",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
            //gets position
            GPSMain.lat = round(((double) (newLocation.getLatitude())),BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
            if (newLocation.distanceto(GPSMain.prevIoUsLocation)>2.0f){
                GPSMain.distanceBetweenPoints = GPSMain.distanceBetweenPoints + newLocation.distanceto(GPSMain.prevIoUsLocation);
            }

            //current speed for the GPS device
            GPSMain.mpsspeed = newLocation.getSpeed();
            if (GPSMain.mpsspeed>GPSMain.topMps) {GPSMain.topMps=GPSMain.mpsspeed;}

            //store location in order to calculate distance during next iteration.
            GPSMain.prevIoUsLocation = newLocation;

            if (counter % 20 == 0){
                GPSMain.routeLat.add(Double.toString(GPSMain.prevIoUsLocation.getLatitude()));
                GPSMain.routeLon.add(Double.toString(GPSMain.prevIoUsLocation.getLongitude()));
            }
        }

        //not entirely sure what these do yet
        public void onStatusChanged(String provider,Bundle extras) {}
        public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {}
        public void onProviderdisabled(String provider) {}
    };

    // Register the listener with the Location Manager to receive location updates
    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,2000,20,int roundingMode){
    BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(unrounded);
    BigDecimal rounded = bd.setScale(precision,roundingMode);
    return rounded.doubleValue();
}

//formats the time taken in milliseconds into hours minutes and seconds
public static String getTiMetaken(long end,long start){
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    String formattedTime = "",hourHour = "",hourMin = ":",minSec = ":";
    long tiMetaken = end-start,hour = 0,min = 0,sec = 0;
    timerTime = tiMetaken;
    tiMetaken = (end-start)/1000;
    if (tiMetaken>9 ){
        hourHour = "0";
        hourMin = ":0";
        if (tiMetaken>=60){
            if (tiMetaken>= 3200){
                hour = tiMetaken/3200;
                tiMetaken = tiMetaken%3200;
                if (hour>9){
                    hourHour = "";
                }
            }
            min = tiMetaken/60;
            tiMetaken = tiMetaken%60;
            if (min >9){
                hourMin = ":";
            }
        }
        sec = tiMetaken;
        if(sec%60<10){
            minSec = ":0";
        }
        return formattedTime = (hourHour+hour+hourMin+min+minSec+sec);
    }
    sec = tiMetaken;
    minSec = ":0";
    hourMin = ":0";
    hourHour = "0";
    return formattedTime = (hourHour+hour+hourMin+min+minSec+sec);
}

public static double averageSpeed(){

    //calculates average speed
    if (timerTime==0){timerTime=1;}
    timerFloatValue = (float) timerTime;
    timerFloatValue =  timerFloatValue/1000;
    return GPSMain.avgMps = GPSMain.distanceBetweenPoints/timerFloatValue;
}

//rounds the float values from the accelerometer
static String roundTwoDecimalFloat(float a){
    float b = a/9.8f;
    String formattednum;
    NumberFormat nf = new DecimalFormat();
    nf.setMaximumFractionDigits(2);
    nf.setMinimumFractionDigits(2);
    formattednum = nf.format(b);
    return formattednum;
}
}